Nasal Delivery Devices

ABSTRACT

A nasal delivery device for and method of delivering substance to a nasal cavity of a subject, the delivery device comprising: a container-receiving unit comprising a container chamber for receiving a substance-containing container which contains substance to be delivered to the nasal cavity of the subject, the container chamber including an inlet and an outlet; a nosepiece unit including a nosepiece for fitting to a nasal cavity of the subject and being in fluid communication with the outlet of the container chamber; a mouthpiece unit including a mouthpiece in fluid communication with the inlet of the container chamber and through which the subject in use exhales, such as to entrain substance from the container and deliver the same through the nosepiece; and moisture-mitigation means for mitigating an effect of moisture in an exhaled breath on the entrainment of substance from the container, which means are provided, for example, by providing the container in a replaceable container-containing member, by a pressure-sensitive valve which normally closes the fluid connection between the container chamber and the mouthpiece, and a temperature regulator upstream of the container chamber.

The present invention relates to nasal delivery devices and methods fordelivering substances, in particular particulate substances, such aspowdered substances, to the nasal cavities of subjects, and inparticular multi-dose devices adapted for use with a plurality ofcontainers, such as capsules, blisters and vials, which each contain asingle dose of substance.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Current nasal delivery systems can adequately treat topical diseases,but are not suited to the delivery of substances to the upper part ofthe nasal airway, and in particular for targeted delivery to theolfactory region and sinus ostia.

The Turbohaler® as developed by AstraZeneca AB, where adapted for nasaldelivery has not been a success. A large fraction of particles isdeposited in the anterior region of the nasal cavity. Furthermore, thenasal cavity becomes narrower during nasal inhalation, thus furtherreducing the deposition efficiency in the posterior regions of the nasalairway, in particular in narrow and congested noses. There is also aconsiderable risk of inhalation of small particles to the lungs, asdemonstrated in previous studies.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is thus an aim of the present invention to provide nasal deliverysystems which are suited to deliver substances, in particularparticulate substances, such as powdered substances, to the nasalcavities of subjects, and in particular nasal powder delivery systemsfor both topical delivery and nose-to-brain (N2B) delivery.

In one embodiment it is an aim of the present invention to provide forbi-directional nasal delivery using a single-dose or multi-dose device,such as a duo-dose device, where utilizing capsules or blisterscontaining active drug substance having a suitable particle size, sizedistribution, surface properties and formulations, in order to achieveoptimal delivery to the nasal mucosa in general and/or targeted deliveryto specific regions of a nasal cavity. Bi-directional nasal delivery isdisclosed in the applicant's earlier WO-A-00/51672, the content of whichis incorporated herein by reference.

In another embodiment it is an aim of the present invention to preventdelivery to selected regions of the nasal cavity, in particular to theanterior valve area, by utilizing two separate delivery channels, thatis, a central channel for the drug substance and air, and an outerchannel which acts to modify and optimize the deposition pattern of theparticles in the nasal cavity.

In one aspect the present invention provides a nasal delivery device fordelivering substance to a nasal cavity of a subject, the delivery devicecomprising: a container-receiving unit comprising a container chamberfor receiving a substance-containing container which contains substanceto be delivered to the nasal cavity of the subject, the containerchamber including an inlet and an outlet; a nosepiece unit including anosepiece for fitting to a nasal cavity of the subject and being influid communication with the outlet of the container chamber; amouthpiece unit including a mouthpiece in fluid communication with theinlet of the container chamber and through which the subject in useexhales, such as to entrain substance from the container and deliver thesame through the nosepiece; and moisture mitigation means for mitigatingan effect of moisture in an exhaled breath on the entrainment ofsubstance from the container, which means are provided, for example, byproviding the container in a replaceable container-containing member, bya pressure-sensitive valve which normally closes the fluid connectionbetween the container chamber and the mouthpiece, and a temperatureregulator upstream of the container chamber.

In another aspect the present invention provides a nasal delivery devicefor delivering substance to a nasal cavity of a subject, the deliverydevice comprising: a container-receiving unit comprising a containerchamber for receiving a substance-containing container which containssubstance to be delivered to the nasal cavity of the subject, thecontainer chamber including an inlet and an outlet; a nosepiece unitincluding a nosepiece for fitting to a nasal cavity of the subject andbeing in fluid communication with the outlet of the container chamber; amouthpiece unit including a mouthpiece in fluid communication with theinlet of the container chamber and through which the subject in useexhales, such as to entrain substance from the container and deliver thesame through the nosepiece; and a moisture-reducing element for reducingcondensation at or downstream of the container chamber.

In a further aspect the present invention provides a nasal deliverydevice for delivering substance to a nasal cavity of a subject, thedelivery device comprising: a container-receiving unit comprising acontainer chamber for receiving a substance-containing container whichcontains substance to be delivered to the nasal cavity of the subject,the container chamber including an inlet and an outlet; a nosepiece unitincluding a nosepiece for fitting to a nasal cavity of the subject andbeing in fluid communication with the outlet of the container chamber; amouthpiece unit including a mouthpiece in fluid communication with theinlet of the container chamber and through which the subject in useexhales, such as to entrain substance from the container and deliver thesame through the nosepiece.

In a yet further aspect the present invention provides a nasal deliverydevice for delivering substance to a nasal cavity of a subject, thedelivery device comprising: a body member; a carrier which is supportedby the body member and carries a plurality of substance-containingcontainers; a nosepiece unit including a nosepiece for fitting to anasal cavity of the subject; a mouthpiece unit including a mouthpiecethrough which the subject in use exhales; and an actuating mechanismwhich is operative, in each operation, to open a plurality of thesubstance-containing containers, and including a valve unit for fluidlyconnecting the mouthpiece to a respective one of the openedsubstance-containing containers in successive exhalation cycles.

In a still further aspect the present invention provides a method ofdelivering substance to a nasal cavity of a subject, the methodcomprising the steps of: disposing a substance-containing containerwhich contains substance to be delivered to the nasal cavity of thesubject in a container chamber, the container chamber including an inletand an outlet; fitting a nosepiece in fluid communication with theoutlet of the container chamber to a nasal cavity of the subject; thesubject exhaling through a mouthpiece which is in fluid communicationwith the inlet of the container chamber, such as to deliver an air flowthrough the container chamber and entrain substance from the containerand deliver the same through the nosepiece and into the nasal cavity ofthe subject; and drawing moisture from the exhaled air flow upstream ofthe container chamber, such as to reduce condensation at or downstreamof the container chamber.

In a yet still further aspect the present invention provides a method ofdelivering substance to a nasal cavity of a subject, the methodcomprising the steps of: disposing a substance-containing containerwhich contains substance to be delivered to the nasal cavity of thesubject in a container chamber, the container chamber including an inletand an outlet; fitting a nosepiece in fluid communication with theoutlet of the container chamber to a nasal cavity of the subject; andthe subject exhaling through a mouthpiece which is in fluidcommunication with the inlet of the container chamber, such as todeliver an air flow through the container chamber and entrain substancefrom the container and deliver the same through the nosepiece and intothe nasal cavity of the subject.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be describedhereinbelow by way of example only with reference to the accompanyingdrawings, in which:

FIGS. 1( a) to (f) illustrate a nasal delivery device in accordance witha first embodiment of the present invention;

FIGS. 2( a) to (f) illustrate a nasal delivery device in accordance witha second embodiment of the present invention;

FIGS. 3( a) to (f) illustrate a nasal delivery device in accordance witha third embodiment of the present invention; and

FIGS. 4( a) to (f) illustrate a nasal delivery device in accordance witha fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 1( a) to (f) illustrate a nasal delivery device in accordance witha first embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The delivery device comprises a housing 15, a capsule-receiving unit 16for receiving a capsule C, a nosepiece unit 17 for fitting to a nasalcavity of a subject, a mouthpiece unit 19 through which the subjectexhales, and a capsule-piercing mechanism 20, which is operable topierce a capsule C as contained by the capsule-receiving unit 16 andthereby prime the delivery device for operation, as will be described inmore detail hereinbelow.

The housing 15 includes a first, nosepiece aperture 21, in thisembodiment at the upper end of the housing 15, which receives thenosepiece unit 17, and a second, lateral aperture 22, in this embodimentin the lateral wall of the housing 15, through which extends an actuatorbutton 81 of the capsule-piercing mechanism 20, as will be described inmore detail hereinbelow.

The capsule-receiving unit 16 comprises a capsule-receiving member 23,in this embodiment an elongate, upstanding chamber which is disposedopposite the nosepiece aperture 21 in the housing 15, for receiving acapsule C, in this embodiment as contained within a capsule-containingmember 49 of the nosepiece unit 17, as will be described in more detailhereinbelow.

In this embodiment the capsule-receiving member 23 includes an inlet 24and an outlet 25 for providing for an air flow therethrough, with theoutlet 25, as defined by an upper, downstream end of thecapsule-receiving member 23, being adapted to receive thecapsule-containing member 49 of the nosepiece unit 17, such that thecapsule-containing member 49 is a sealing fit within thecapsule-receiving member 23.

The capsule-receiving unit 16 further comprises a pressure-sensitivevalve 26 in fluid communication with the inlet 24 of thecapsule-receiving member 23, which is such as to prevent an air flowthrough the capsule-receiving member 23 until a predetermined pressurehas been developed upstream thereof. In this embodiment thepressure-sensitive valve 26 is located at the inlet 24 to thecapsule-receiving member 23.

In this embodiment the pressure-sensitive valve 26 comprises a flapmember 27 which is hingeable about a pivot 28 and normally biased to aclosed, sealing position by a resilient element 29, here a spring, suchthat a predetermined pressure is required to overcome the biasing forceof the resilient element 29.

The nosepiece unit 17 comprises a main body member 45 which isconfigured to fit in the nosepiece aperture 21 of the housing 15, anosepiece 47 which extends outwardly of the main body member 45 forfitting to the nostril of the subject, and a capsule-containing member49 which extends inwardly of the main body member 45 and contains acapsule C, the contents of which are to be delivered to the nasal cavityof the subject. In this embodiment the capsule C is a conventionalgelatine capsule which contains a particulate substance, such as apowdered substance, and typically a pharmaceutical substance.

In this embodiment the nosepiece 47 has a substantially frusto-conicalouter section 53 for insertion into a nostril of the subject such as toprovide a fluid-tight seal therewith, and includes an inner channel 55,here of substantially cylindrical section, through which substance isdelivered to the nasal cavity of the subject. In this embodiment thenosepiece 47, in providing a fluid-tight seal with the nostril of thesubject, provides for bi-directional delivery through the nasal airwayof the subject, as disclosed in the applicant's earlier WO-A-00/51672.In another embodiment, however, the nosepiece 47 need not provide asealing fit, thus encompassing delivery to the nasal cavity, but notnecessarily bi-directional delivery.

In this embodiment the nosepiece 47 includes a trap element 57,typically a perforated or mesh element, for preventing any foreignmatter, such as a part of the capsule C, which is above a predeterminedsize from passing through the nosepiece 47 and into the nasal cavity ofthe subject.

The capsule-containing member 49 includes an elongate flow passage 63,in this embodiment cylindrical in shape, in which the capsule C isoriented axially therealong such as to be rotatable therewithin when anair flow is delivered therethrough, and an inlet aperture 65 in fluidcommunication with one, the downstream, end of the flow passage 63,which inlet aperture 65 provides a flow restriction to an air flow asdelivered therethrough and acts as a seat for one, the lower, end of thecapsule C prior to the delivery of an air flow through the flow passage63.

The capsule-containing member 49 further includes a plurality of, inthis embodiment first and second piercing apertures 71, 73 in a lateralwall thereof for enabling the capsule C to be pierced at locationsspaced along the axial length thereof. In this embodiment the first,lower aperture 71 is located such that the capsule C is pierced at alocation above the height of the dose of substance as contained therebywhen the lower end of the capsule C is seated in the inlet aperture 65of the flow passage 63. In this way, the dose of substance as containedby the capsule C is not released into the flow passage 63 until an airflow is delivered through the flow passage 63.

In this embodiment the nosepiece unit 17 is provided as a replaceableunit which is replaced following each operation of the delivery device.In this embodiment the nosepiece unit 17 can be packaged in air-tightpackaging, for example, an aluminum foil package.

In an alternative embodiment only the capsule-containing member 49 couldbe replaceable, such as to be replaceable following each operation, withthe nosepiece 47 being a sealing fit to the other, downstream end of thecapsule-containing member 49. In this embodiment the capsule-containingmember 49 can be packaged in air-tight packaging, for example, analuminum foil package.

In still another alternative embodiment the nosepiece unit 17 could be are-useable unit, with the capsule-containing member 49 being separablefrom the nosepiece 47 to allow for replacement of the capsule Cfollowing operation of the delivery device. In this embodiment thecapsule C can be packaged in air-tight packaging, for example, analuminum foil package.

The mouthpiece unit 19 comprises a mouthpiece 77, in this embodiment asgripped in the lips of the subject, through which the subject exhales todeliver an entraining air flow through the capsule-receiving unit 16,and an air chamber 78, in this embodiment an elongate tubular section,which fluidly connects the mouthpiece 77 and the pressure-sensitivevalve 26 of the capsule-receiving unit 16.

In this embodiment the air chamber 78 has a greater volume than thecapsule-receiving member 23 of the capsule-receiving unit 16, andpreferably has a volume at least twice that of the capsule-receivingmember 23.

In this embodiment the air chamber 78 incorporates a temperatureregulator 79, here formed as a condenser for cooling the exhaled airflow, at least at the upstream end thereof. With this configuration, theexhaled air flow is cooled during exhalation, and also a predeterminedvolume of cooler air, as contained by the air chamber 78, is availableprior to release of the pressure-sensitive valve 26.

In this embodiment the temperature regulator 79 comprises a labyrinthinestructure. In another embodiment the temperature regulator 79 could beprovided by a filter element, which could also act as a microbiologicalfilter.

In one embodiment the temperature regulator 79 could include means fordrying the condensate as collected therein when the delivery device isnot in use.

In one embodiment the air chamber 78 is removable, such as to allow forcleaning or replacement.

This arrangement has been found to provide for reliable operation of thedelivery device, in delivering substance from the capsule C. The presentinventors have established that the provision of moist exhaled airdirectly to the capsule C can sometimes prevent the required rotation ofthe capsule C, and thereby prevent proper release of the substance ascontained thereby. By providing a volume of cooler air, and arrangingfor that volume of cooler air to be delivered initially in a burst, therequired rotation of the capsule C is seen repeatedly.

The capsule-piercing mechanism 20 comprises an actuator button 81 whichextends through the lateral aperture 22 in the housing 15 such as toallow for operation by the subject, a plurality of, in this embodimentfirst and second piercing elements 83, 85 which are supported by theactuator button 81 and extend forwardly thereof, such that, ondepression of the actuator button 81 from a retracted position, asillustrated in FIG. 1( a), to an extended position, as illustrated inFIG. 1( b), the piercing elements 83, 85 are driven through respectiveones of the piercing apertures 71, 73 in the lateral wall of thecapsule-containing member 49 to pierce the capsule C.

In this embodiment the capsule-piercing mechanism 20 includes aresilient element 87 which acts to bias the actuator button 81 outwardlytowards the retracted position, such that, following depression of theactuator button 81 to pierce the capsule C, the actuator button 81 isreturned to the retracted position. In this embodiment the resilientelement 87 is formed as an integral part of the actuator button 81, butin other embodiments could be provided by a separate element, such as acompression spring.

Operation of the delivery device will now be described hereinbelow.

Firstly, taking the delivery device in hand, and with a nosepiece unit17 inserted in the housing 15, as illustrated in FIG. 1( a), the subjectdepresses the actuator button 81 of the capsule-piercing mechanism 20such as to pierce the capsule C as contained in the capsule-containingmember 49, as illustrated in FIG. 1( b).

By depressing the actuator button 81, the capsule C is pierced by thepiercing elements 83, 85 at two locations spaced along the axial lengththereof. In this embodiment the first, lower piercing element 83 acts topierce the capsule C at a location just above the height of thesubstance as contained by the capsule C, the capsule C only being partfilled, and the second, upper piercing element 85 acts to pierce theupper, distal end of the capsule C.

The actuator button 81 is then released, which causes the actuatorbutton 81 to be returned to the retracted under the bias of the biasingelement 87, as illustrated in FIG. 1( c). In this way, the deliverydevice is primed and ready for use.

The subject then inserts the nosepiece 53 into one of his nostrils,grips the mouthpiece 77 in his or her lips and begins to exhale throughthe mouthpiece 77, as illustrated in FIG. 1( d). Initially, thisexhalation is resisted by the pressure-sensitive valve 26, therebypreventing the delivery of an air flow through the capsule-containingmember 49 and over the capsule C.

When the subject exhales with sufficient force to develop a pressureupstream of the pressure-sensitive valve 26 which is greater than apredetermined pressure, the pressure-sensitive valve 26 is opened,causing a sudden flow of air, as a burst of air, through thecapsule-containing member 49, as illustrated in FIG. 1( e).

This burst of air acts to lift the capsule C from the seat as defined bythe inlet aperture 65 of the capsule-containing member 49 and initiatethe rotation of the capsule C, which rotation acts to release thesubstance from within the capsule C. With continued exhalation, thecapsule C continues to rotate.

Following exhalation, as illustrated in FIG. 1( f), thepressure-sensitive valve 26 is returned to the closed, sealing positionand the, now empty, capsule C is returned to a rest position.

This operation of the delivery device can be repeated with a new capsuleC. As described hereinabove, in this embodiment the entire nosepieceunit 17 is replaced, but in other embodiments either thecapsule-containing member 49 or just the capsule C could be replaced.

FIGS. 2( a) to (f) illustrate a nasal delivery device in accordance witha second embodiment of the present invention.

The delivery device of this embodiment is very similar to the deliverydevice of the above-described first embodiment, and thus, in order toavoid unnecessary duplication of description, only the differences willbe described in detail.

The delivery device of this embodiment differs from that of theabove-described embodiment in that the nosepiece 53 includes first andsecond channels 55 a, 55 b, in this embodiment concentric annularchannels, which are centred about the longitudinal axis of thecapsule-containing member 49, where the first, inner channel 55 a isfluidly connected to the downstream end of the capsule-containing member49 such that the substance as contained by the capsule C is deliveredtherethrough and the second, outer channel 55 b is fluidly connected bya ducting channel 91 to the mouthpiece 77, in this embodiment upstreamof the air chamber 78.

With this arrangement, a focussed powder aerosol is delivered from theoutlet end of the inner channel 55 a, and entrained by the co-axial airflow as delivered from the mouthpiece 77. This arrangement isparticularly advantageous in targeting specific regions of the nasalairway, in particular posterior regions, such as the olfactory region.As this entraining air flow does not pass over the capsule C, thehumidity of the entraining air flow is not significant.

FIGS. 3( a) to (f) illustrate a nasal delivery device in accordance witha third embodiment of the present invention.

The delivery device comprises a housing 101 which includes a centralsupport spindle 105, a carrier 109 which carries a plurality ofsubstance-containing capsules C, the contents of which are to bedelivered to a nasal cavity of the subject, and is movably disposed tothe housing 101, in this embodiment rotatably mounted to the housing 101about the support spindle 105, a nosepiece unit 119 for fitting to anasal cavity of a subject, a mouthpiece unit 121 through which thesubject exhales, and a capsule-piercing mechanism 123, which isoperable, in this embodiment simultaneously, to pierce a pair ofcapsules C and thereby prime the delivery device for operation, as willbe described in more detail hereinbelow.

In this embodiment the capsules C are conventional gelatine capsuleswhich contain a particulate substance, such as a powdered substance, andtypically a pharmaceutical substance.

The carrier 109 comprises a body member 131, in this embodiment anannular element, and a plurality of capsule-containing members 133, eachcontaining a capsule C, which are disposed symmetrically in adjacentpairs about the support spindle 105, such that, as the carrier 109 isindexed successively to new positions, new pairs of capsule-containingmembers 133 are indexed to the capsule-piercing mechanism 123.

In this embodiment the capsule-containing members 133 each comprise atubular element 137 which defines an elongate flow passage 139, in thisembodiment cylindrical in shape, in which the capsule C is orientedaxially therealong such as to be rotatable therewithin when an air flowis delivered therethrough, and first and second sealing members 141, 142which seal the opposite, lower and upper ends of the tubular element137.

In this embodiment the capsule-containing members 133 each include aplurality of, in this embodiment first and second piercing apertures143, 144 in a lateral wall thereof for enabling the capsule C to bepierced at locations spaced along the axial length thereof. In thisembodiment the first, lower aperture 143 is located such that thecapsule C is pierced at a location above the height of the dose ofsubstance as contained thereby. In this way, the dose of substance ascontained by the capsule C is not released into the flow passage 139until an air flow is delivered through the flow passage 139.

The nosepiece unit 119 comprises a body member 145 which is movably, inthis embodiment pivotally, coupled to the housing 101 such as to bemovable between a first, inoperative position, as illustrated in FIG. 3(a), in which the nosepiece unit 119 is stowed away and a second,operative position, as illustrated in FIG. 3( c), and a nosepiece 147which extends outwardly of the body member 145 for fitting to a nostrilof the subject.

In this embodiment the body member 145 includes a flow channel 149 whichfluidly connects the flow passages 139 of an adjacent pair of thecapsule-containing members 133 to the nosepiece 147 when the nosepieceunit 119 is in the operative position.

In this embodiment the body member 145 includes first and second cutters151 which are adapted to cut the upper sealing members 142 of theadjacent pair of capsule-containing members 133 when the nosepiece unit119 is in the operative position.

In this embodiment the body member 145 includes a catch member 155, herehaving a diamond-shaped cross section which presents forwardly-directed,tapering surfaces when the nosepiece unit 119 is pivoted in either sensefrom or to the operative position, which acts to operate in part thecapsule-piercing mechanism 123 and also latch the nosepiece unit 119 inthe operative position, as will be described in more detail hereinbelow.

In this embodiment the nosepiece 147 has a substantially frusto-conicalouter section 157 for insertion into a nostril of the subject such as toprovide a fluid-tight seal therewith, and includes an inner channel 159through which substance is delivered to the nasal cavity of the subject.In this embodiment the nosepiece 147, in providing a fluid-tight sealwith the nostril of the subject, provides for bi-directional deliverythrough the nasal airway of the subject, as disclosed in the applicant'searlier WO-A-00/51672. In another embodiment, however, the nosepiece 147need not provide a sealing fit, thus encompassing delivery to the nasalcavity, but not necessarily bi-directional delivery.

The mouthpiece unit 121 comprises a body member 165 which is movably, inthis embodiment pivotally, coupled to the housing 101 such as to bemovable between a first, inoperative position, as illustrated in FIG. 3(a), in which the mouthpiece unit 121 is stowed away and a second,operative position, as illustrated in FIG. 3( c), a mouthpiece 167 whichextends outwardly of the body member 165, in this embodiment as grippedin the lips of the subject, through which the subject exhales to deliveran entraining air flow, and a valve unit 169 which is operative fluidlyto connect the mouthpiece 167 to a respective one of the adjacent pairof opened capsule-containing members 133 in successive exhalationcycles.

In this embodiment the valve unit 169 comprises a pressure sensor whichis operative to detect the pressure as developed in the mouthpiece 167and an electro-mechanical valve, which includes two flow channels and isswitchable such as fluidly to connect the mouthpiece 167 first to one ofthe pair of capsule-containing members 133 and, following the firstexhalation cycle, which is represented by a return to ambient pressure,then to the other of the pair of capsule-containing members 133.

In this embodiment the body member 165 includes first and second cutters171 which are adapted to cut the lower sealing members 141 of theadjacent pair of capsule-containing members 133 when the mouthpiece unit121 is in the operative position.

In this embodiment the body member 165 includes a catch member 175, herehaving a diamond-shaped cross section which presents forwardly-directed,tapering surfaces when the mouthpiece unit 121 is pivoted in eithersense from or to the operative position, which acts to operate in partthe capsule-piercing mechanism 123 and also latch the mouthpiece unit121 in the operative position, as will be described in more detailhereinbelow.

The capsule-piercing mechanism 123 comprises first and second piercingunits 181, which are disposed in opposed, back-to-back relation and areactuated by movement of the nosepiece unit 119 and the mouthpiece unit121 from the inoperative, stowed positions to the operative positions.

Each of the piercing units 181 includes an actuator button 182 and aplurality of, in this embodiment first and second piercing elements 183,185 which are supported by the actuator button 182 and extend forwardlythereof, such that, on depression of the actuator button 182 from aretracted position, as illustrated in FIG. 3( a), to an extendedposition, as illustrated in FIG. 3( b), the piercing elements 183, 185are driven through respective ones of the piercing apertures 143, 144 inthe lateral wall of the respective capsule-containing member 133 topierce the capsule C.

In this embodiment the capsule-piercing units 181 each include aresilient element 187 which acts to bias the respective actuator button182 inwardly towards the retracted position, such that, followingdepression of the actuator button 182 to pierce the capsule C, theactuator button 182 is returned to the retracted position.

In this embodiment the actuator buttons 182 each include first andsecond recesses 189, 191 in a rear surface thereof, here V-shaped incross section, which are configured such as to engage respective ones ofthe catches 155, 175 on the body members 145, 165 of the nosepiece andmouthpiece units 119, 121, such as to latch the same in the operativepositions.

Operation of the delivery device will now be described hereinbelow.

Firstly, the subject indexes the carrier 109 such as to present the nextpair of capsule-containing members 133 at the capsule-piercing mechanism123, as illustrated in FIG. 3( a).

The subject then moves the nosepiece unit 119 and the mouthpiece unit121 to the respective operative positions, in this embodiment bypivoting the same relative to the housing 101, as illustrated in FIGS.3( b) and (c).

In moving the nosepiece unit 119 and the mouthpiece unit 121 to therespective operative positions, the catch member 155 on the body member145 of the nosepiece unit 119 and the catch member 175 on the bodymember 165 of the mouthpiece unit 121 engage between the respective endsof the opposing actuator buttons 182 of the piercing units 181, such asto bias the actuator buttons 182 outwardly and pierce the capsules C ascontained in the capsule-containing members 133, as illustrated in FIG.3( b).

By depressing the actuator buttons 182, the capsules C are pierced bythe piercing elements 183, 185 at two locations spaced along the axiallength thereof, with the piercing elements 183, 185 extending throughthe piercing apertures 143, 144 in the lateral walls of the tubularelements 137 of the capsule-containing members 133. In this embodimentthe first, lower piercing elements 183 act to pierce the capsules C atlocations just above the height of the substance as contained by thecapsules C, the capsules C only being part filled, and the second, upperpiercing elements 185 act to pierce the upper, distal ends of thecapsules C.

On further moving the nosepiece unit 119 and the mouthpiece unit 121 tothe respective operative positions, the catch member 155 on the bodymember 145 of the nosepiece unit 119 and the catch member 175 on thebody member 165 of the mouthpiece unit 121 engage in the respectiverecesses 189, 191 in the rear surfaces of the opposing actuator buttons182 of the piercing units 181, as illustrated in FIG. 3( c), with theactuator buttons 182 being returned to the retracted positions under thebias of the biasing elements 187, whereby the nosepiece unit 119 and themouthpiece unit 121 are latched in the operative positions.

Also, with movement of the nosepiece unit 119 and the mouthpiece unit121 to the operative positions, the cutters 151 on the body member 145of the nosepiece unit 119 act to rupture the upper sealing members 142of the capsule-containing members 133 and the cutters 171 on the bodymember 165 of the mouthpiece unit 121 act to rupture the lower sealingmembers 141 of the capsule-containing members 133.

The subject then inserts the nosepiece 147 into one of his or hernostrils, grips the mouthpiece 167 in his or her lips and exhalesthrough the mouthpiece 167, as illustrated in FIG. 3( d).

In this first exhalation cycle, the valve unit 169 is configured such asto direct the exhaled air flow through one of the pair ofcapsule-containing members 133, which air flow acts to lift the capsuleC and cause rotation of the capsule C, and which rotation acts torelease the substance from within the capsule C. With continuedexhalation, the capsule C continues to rotate.

Following exhalation, the, now empty, capsule C returns to a restposition, and, as detected by the absence of any pressure in themouthpiece 167, the valve unit 169 is re-configured such that themouthpiece 167 is fluidly connected to the other of the pair ofcapsule-containing members 133, whereby the air flow as developed by asubsequent exhalation breath is directed through the other of the pairof capsule-containing members 133.

In one mode of operation the nosepiece 147 is inserted in the other ofthe nostrils of the subject, and the subject grips the mouthpiece 167 inhis or her lips and exhales through the mouthpiece 167, as illustratedin FIG. 3( e).

In this second, subsequent exhalation cycle, the valve unit 169 isconfigured such as to direct the exhaled air flow through the other ofthe pair of capsule-containing members 133, which air flow acts to liftthe capsule C and cause rotation of the capsule C, and which rotationacts to release the substance from within the capsule C. With continuedexhalation, the capsule C continues to rotate.

In this mode of operation the same, or indeed different, substances canbe delivered to each of the nasal cavities of the subject.

Following exhalation, the, now empty, capsule C returns to a restposition.

In another, mode of operation, where the capsules C in the pair ofcapsule-containing members 133 contain different substances, and thesesubstances are both to be delivered to one nasal cavity, the nosepiece147 is not moved to the other nostril of the subject.

Following use of the delivery device, the nosepiece unit 119 and themouthpiece unit 121 are returned to the respective stowed, inoperativepositions, in this embodiment by pivoting the same relative to thehousing 101, as illustrated in FIG. 3( f).

In moving the nosepiece unit 119 and the mouthpiece unit 121 to therespective inoperative positions, the catch member 155 on the bodymember 145 of the nosepiece unit 119 and the catch member 175 on thebody member 165 of the mouthpiece unit 121 are released from engagementwith the recesses 189, 191 in the rear surfaces of the opposing actuatorbuttons 182 of the piercing units 181.

This operation of the delivery device can then subsequently be repeatedfor the next pair of capsules C.

FIGS. 4( a) to (f) illustrate a nasal delivery device in accordance witha fourth embodiment of the present invention.

The delivery device comprises a housing 201 which includes a centralsupport spindle 205, a carrier 209 which carries a plurality ofsubstance-containing blisters B, the contents of which are to bedelivered to a nasal cavity of the subject, and is movably disposed tothe housing 201, in this embodiment rotatably mounted to the housing 201about the support spindle 205, an interface assembly 211 which providesthe interface to the subject, and a latch mechanism 223 which acts tolatch the interface assembly 211 in the operative position, as will bedescribed in more detail hereinbelow.

In this embodiment the blisters B are conventional blisters whichcontain a particulate substance, such as a powdered substance, andtypically a pharmaceutical substance.

The carrier 209 comprises a body member 231, in this embodiment anannular element, and a plurality of blisters B which are disposedsymmetrically in adjacent pairs about the support spindle 205, suchthat, as the carrier 209 is indexed successively to new positions, newpairs of blisters B are indexed to the operative position of theinterface assembly 211.

The interface assembly 211 comprises a body member 235 which is movably,in this embodiment pivotally, coupled to the housing 201 such as to bemovable between a first, inoperative position, as illustrated in FIG. 4(a), in which the interface assembly 211 is stowed away and a second,operative position, as illustrated in FIG. 4( c), a nosepiece unit 219which includes a nosepiece 247 which extends outwardly of the bodymember 235 for fitting to a nostril of the subject, a mouthpiece unit221 which includes a mouthpiece 249 which extends outwardly of the bodymember 235, in this embodiment as gripped in the lips of the subject,through which the subject exhales to deliver an entraining air flow, anda valve unit 251 which is operative fluidly to connect the mouthpiece249 to a respective one of the adjacent pair of opened blisters B insuccessive exhalation cycles.

In this embodiment the body member 235 includes a flow channel 259 whichfluidly connects the adjacent pair of blisters B to the nosepiece 249when the interface assembly 211 is in the operative position.

In this embodiment the body member 235 includes first and second cutters261 which are adapted to cut the sealing members of the adjacent pair ofblisters B when the interface assembly 211 is in the operative position.

In this embodiment the body member 235 includes a catch member 265, herehaving a diamond-shaped cross section which presents forwardly-directed,tapering surfaces when the interface assembly 211 is pivoted in eithersense from or to the operative position, which acts to latch theinterface assembly 211 in the operative position, as will be describedin more detail hereinbelow.

In this embodiment the nosepiece 247 has a substantially frusto-conicalouter section 267 for insertion into a nostril of the subject such as toprovide a fluid-tight seal therewith, and includes an inner channel 269through which substance is delivered to the nasal cavity of the subject.In this embodiment the nosepiece 247, in providing a fluid-tight sealwith the nostril of the subject, provides for bi-directional deliverythrough the nasal airway of the subject, as disclosed in the applicant'searlier WO-A-00/51672. In another embodiment, however, the nosepiece 247need not provide a sealing fit, thus encompassing delivery to the nasalcavity, but not necessarily bi-directional delivery.

In this embodiment the valve unit 251 comprises a pressure sensor whichis operative to detect the pressure as developed in the mouthpiece 249and an electro-mechanical valve, which includes two flow channels and isswitchable such as fluidly to connect the mouthpiece 249 first to one ofthe pair of blisters B and, following the first exhalation cycle, whichis represented by a return to ambient pressure, then to the other of thepair of blisters B.

The latch mechanism 223 comprises first and second latch elements 281,which are disposed in opposed, back-to-back relation, and each comprisea latch body 282 and a resilient element 287 which acts to bias thelatch body 282 forwardly to a latching position.

In this embodiment the latch bodies 282 each include a recess 289 in arear surface thereof, here V-shaped in cross section, which acts toengage the catch 265 on the body member 235 of the interface assembly211 when the interface assembly 211 is in the operative position.

Operation of the delivery device will now be described hereinbelow.

Firstly, the subject indexes the carrier 209 such as to present the nextpair of blisters B at the operative position of the interface assembly211, as illustrated in FIG. 4( a).

The subject then moves the interface assembly 211 to the operativeposition, in this embodiment by pivoting the same relative to thehousing 201, as illustrated in FIGS. 4( b) and (c).

In moving the interface assembly 211 to the operative position, thecatch member 265 on the body member 235 of the interface assembly 211engages between the respective ends of the latch bodies 282 of the latchunits 281, such as to bias the latch bodies 282 outwardly, asillustrated in FIG. 4( b).

On further moving the interface assembly 211 to the operative position,the catch member 265 on the body member 235 of the interface assembly211 engages in the respective recesses 289 in the rear surfaces of theopposing latch bodies 282 of the latch units 281, as illustrated in FIG.4( c), with the latch bodies 282 being returned to the retractedpositions under the bias of the biasing elements 287, whereby theinterface assembly 211 is latched in the operative position.

Also, with movement of the interface assembly 211 to the operativeposition, the cutters 261 on the body member 235 of the interfaceassembly 211 act to rupture the sealing members of the adjacent pair ofblisters B.

The subject then inserts the nosepiece 247 into one of his or hernostrils, grips the mouthpiece 249 in his or her lips and exhalesthrough the mouthpiece 249, as illustrated in FIG. 4( d).

In this first exhalation cycle, the valve unit 251 is configured such asto direct the exhaled air flow through one of the pair of blisters B,which air flow acts to entrain the substance from the blister B.

Following exhalation, the blister B is emptied, and, as detected by theabsence of any pressure in the mouthpiece 249, the valve unit 251 isre-configured such that the mouthpiece 249 is fluidly connected to theother of the pair of blisters B, whereby the air flow as developed by asubsequent exhalation breath is directed through the other of the pairof blisters B.

In one mode of operation the nosepiece 247 is inserted in the other ofthe nostrils of the subject, and the subject grips the mouthpiece 249 inhis or her lips and exhales through the mouthpiece 249, as illustratedin FIG. 4( e).

In this second, subsequent exhalation cycle, the valve unit 251 isconfigured such as to direct the exhaled air flow through the other ofthe pair of blisters B, which acts to entrain the substance from theblister B.

In this mode of operation the same, or indeed different, substances canbe delivered to each of the nasal cavities of the subject.

Following exhalation, the blister B is emptied.

In another mode of operation, where the blisters B contain differentsubstances, and these substances are both to be delivered to one nasalcavity, the nosepiece 247 is not moved to the other nostril of thesubject.

Following use of the delivery device, the interface assembly 211 isreturned to the stowed, inoperative position, in this embodiment bypivoting the same relative to the housing 201, as illustrated in FIG. 4(f).

In moving the interface assembly 211 to the stowed position, the catchmember 265 on the body member 235 of the interface assembly 211 isreleased from engagement with the recesses 289 in the rear surfaces ofthe opposing latch bodies 282 of the latch units 281.

This operation of the delivery device can then subsequently be repeatedfor the next pair of blisters B.

Finally, it will be understood that the present invention has beendescribed in its preferred embodiments and can be modified in manydifferent ways without departing from the scope of the invention asdefined by the appended claims.

In one modification the delivery device could be modified to include arotatable cartridge which includes a plurality of capsule-containingmembers 49, which are each successively indexed into thecapsule-receiving chamber 23 of the capsule-receiving unit 16.

1. A nasal delivery device for delivering substance to a nasal cavity ofa subject, the delivery device comprising: a container-receiving unitcomprising a container chamber for receiving a substance-containingcontainer which contains substance to be delivered to the nasal cavityof the subject, the container chamber including an inlet and an outlet;a nosepiece unit including a nosepiece for fitting to a nasal cavity ofthe subject and being in fluid communication with the outlet of thecontainer chamber; a mouthpiece unit including a mouthpiece in fluidcommunication with the inlet of the container chamber and through whichthe subject in use exhales, such as to entrain substance from thecontainer and deliver the same through the nosepiece; and amoisture-reducing element for reducing condensation at or downstream ofthe container chamber.
 2. The delivery device of claim 1, wherein themoisture-reducing element comprises an air chamber which fluidlyconnects the mouthpiece to the inlet of the container chamber, andpreferably the air chamber comprises an elongate tubular section. 3.(canceled)
 4. The delivery device of claim 2, wherein the air chamberhas a greater volume than the container chamber, and preferably a volumeat least twice that of the container chamber.
 5. (canceled)
 6. Thedelivery device of claim 2, wherein the air chamber incorporates atemperature regulator for regulating a temperature of an air flow asexhaled therethrough, and preferably the temperature regulator isoperative to cool the exhaled air flow.
 7. (canceled)
 8. The deliverydevice of claim 6, wherein the temperature regulator is located at leastat an upstream end of the air chamber, and preferably the temperatureregulator substantially fills the air chamber.
 9. (canceled)
 10. Thedelivery device of claim 6, wherein the temperature regulator comprisesa labyrinthine condenser.
 11. The delivery device of claim 1, whereinthe moisture-reducing element comprises a pressure-sensitive valve influid communication with the inlet of the container chamber and beingconfigured such as to close the inlet of the container chamber until apredetermined pressure is developed upstream of the pressure-sensitivevalve.
 12. The delivery device of claim 11, wherein thepressure-sensitive valve comprises a flap member which is normallybiased to a closed, sealing position, and preferably the flap member ishingeable about a pivot and the pressure-sensitive valve includes aresilient element which normally biases the flap member to the closedposition.
 13. (canceled)
 14. The delivery device of claim 11, whereinthe pressure-sensitive valve is located adjacent the inlet to thecontainer chamber.
 15. The delivery device of claim 11, wherein thecontainer-receiving unit comprises the pressure-sensitive valve.
 16. Thedelivery device of claim 1, wherein the nosepiece unit is removable. 17.The delivery device of claim 16, wherein the nosepiece unit furthercomprises a container-containing member which contains the container andis in use fitted in the container chamber, and preferably thecontainer-containing member includes a flow passage in which thecontainer is disposed, such as to be rotatable therewithin when an airflow is delivered therethrough.
 18. (canceled)
 19. The delivery deviceof claim 17, wherein the container-containing member includes an inletaperture in fluid communication with one, upstream end of the flowpassage, which inlet aperture provides a flow restriction to an air flowas delivered therethrough, and preferably the inlet aperture provides aseat for a lower end of the container prior to delivery of an air flowthrough the flow passage.
 20. (canceled)
 21. The delivery device ofclaim 1, further comprising: a replaceable container-containing memberwhich contains the container and is in use fitted in the containerchamber, and preferably the container-containing member includes a flowpassage in which the container is disposed, such as to be rotatabletherewithin when an air flow is delivered therethrough.
 22. (canceled)23. The delivery device of claim 21, wherein the container-containingmember includes an inlet aperture in fluid communication with one,upstream end of the flow passage, which inlet aperture provides a flowrestriction to an air flow as delivered therethrough, and preferably theinlet aperture provides a seat for a lower end of the container prior todelivery of an air flow through the flow passage.
 24. (canceled)
 25. Thedelivery device of claim 16, wherein the nosepiece unit is replaceable.26. The delivery device of claim 17, wherein the container-containingmember is replaceable separately of the nosepiece, which is re-usable.27. The delivery device of claim 17, wherein the container isreplaceable and the nosepiece and the container-containing member arere-usable.
 28. The delivery device of claim 1, further comprising: acontainer-opening mechanism which is operative to open a container asreceived in the container chamber.
 29. The delivery device of claim 28,wherein the container-opening mechanism includes at least one piercingelement for piercing the container such as to open the same, andpreferably a plurality of piercing elements for piercing the containerat a plurality of locations spaced along the length thereof. 30.(canceled)
 31. The delivery device of claim 29, wherein the container isonly partially filled and the container-opening mechanism includes firstand second piercing elements, with one of the piercing elements beingconfigured to pierce the container at a height above a level to whichthe container is filled and the other of the piercing elements beingconfigured to pierce an upper region of the container.
 32. The deliverydevice of claim 1, wherein the container is a capsule.
 33. The deliverydevice of claim 1, wherein the substance comprises a particulatesubstance, and preferably the particulate substance comprises a powderedsubstance.
 34. (canceled)
 35. A nasal delivery device for deliveringsubstance to a nasal cavity of a subject, the delivery devicecomprising: a container-receiving unit comprising a container chamberfor receiving a substance-containing container which contains substanceto be delivered to the nasal cavity of the subject, the containerchamber including an inlet and an outlet; a nosepiece unit including anosepiece for fitting to a nasal cavity of the subject and being influid communication with the outlet of the container chamber; amouthpiece unit including a mouthpiece in fluid communication with theinlet of the container chamber and through which the subject in useexhales, such as to entrain substance from the container and deliver thesame through the nosepiece.
 36. The delivery device of claim 35, whereinthe mouthpiece unit further comprises an air chamber which fluidlyconnects the mouthpiece to the inlet of the container chamber, andpreferably the air chamber comprises an elongate tubular section. 37.(canceled)
 38. The delivery device of claim 36, wherein the air chamberhas a greater volume than the container chamber, and preferably a volumeat least twice that of the container chamber.
 39. (canceled)
 40. Thedelivery device of claim 36, wherein the air chamber incorporates atemperature regulator for regulating a temperature of an air flow asexhaled therethrough, and preferably the temperature regulator isoperative to cool the exhaled air flow.
 41. (canceled)
 42. The deliverydevice of claim 40, wherein the temperature regulator is located atleast at an upstream end of the air chamber, and preferably thetemperature regulator substantially fills the air chamber. 43.(canceled)
 44. The delivery device of claim 40, wherein the temperatureregulator comprises a labyrinthine condenser.
 45. The delivery device ofclaim 35, further comprising: a pressure-sensitive valve in fluidcommunication with the inlet of the container chamber and beingconfigured such as to close the inlet of the container chamber until apredetermined pressure is developed upstream of the pressure-sensitivevalve.
 46. The delivery device of claim 45, wherein thepressure-sensitive valve comprises a flap member which is normallybiased to a closed, sealing position, and preferably the flap member ishingeable about a pivot and the pressure-sensitive valve includes aresilient element which normally biases the flap member to the closedposition.
 47. (canceled)
 48. The delivery device of claim 45, whereinthe pressure-sensitive valve is located adjacent the inlet to thecontainer chamber.
 49. The delivery device of claim 45, wherein thecontainer-receiving unit comprises the pressure-sensitive valve.
 50. Thedelivery device of claim 35, wherein the nosepiece unit is removable.51. The delivery device of claim 50, wherein the nosepiece unit furthercomprises a container-containing member which contains the container andis in use fitted in the container chamber, and preferably thecontainer-containing member includes a flow passage in which thecontainer is disposed, such as to be rotatable therewithin when an airflow is delivered therethrough.
 52. (canceled)
 53. The delivery deviceof claim 51, wherein the container-containing member includes an inletaperture in fluid communication with one, upstream end of the flowpassage, which inlet aperture provides a flow restriction to an air flowas delivered therethrough, and preferably the inlet aperture provides aseat for a lower end of the container prior to delivery of an air flowthrough the flow passage.
 54. (canceled)
 55. The delivery device ofclaim 35, further comprising: a replaceable container-containing memberwhich contains the container and is in use fitted in the containerchamber, and preferably the container-containing member includes a flowpassage in which the container is disposed, such as to be rotatabletherewithin when an air flow is delivered therethrough.
 56. (canceled)57. The delivery device of claim 55, wherein the container-containingmember includes an inlet aperture in fluid communication with one,upstream end of the flow passage, which inlet aperture provides a flowrestriction to an air flow as delivered therethrough, and preferably theinlet aperture provides a seat for a lower end of the container prior todelivery of an air flow through the flow passage.
 58. (canceled)
 59. Thedelivery device of claim 50, wherein the nosepiece unit is replaceable.60. The delivery device of claim 51, wherein the container-containingmember is replaceable separately of the nosepiece, which is re-usable.61. The delivery device of claim 51, wherein the container isreplaceable and the nosepiece and the container-containing member arere-usable.
 62. The delivery device of claim 35, further comprising: acontainer-opening mechanism which is operative to open a container asreceived in the container chamber.
 63. The delivery device of claim 62,wherein the container-opening mechanism includes at least one piercingelement for piercing the container such as to open the same, andpreferably a plurality of piercing elements for piercing the containerat a plurality of locations spaced along the length thereof. 64.(canceled)
 65. The delivery device of claim 63, wherein the container isonly partially filled and the container-opening mechanism includes firstand second piercing elements, with one of the piercing elements beingconfigured to pierce the container at a height above a level to whichthe container is filled and the other of the piercing elements beingconfigured to pierce an upper region of the container.
 66. The deliverydevice of claim 35, wherein the container is a capsule.
 67. The deliverydevice of claim 35, wherein the substance comprises a particulatesubstance, and preferably the particulate substance comprises a powderedsubstance.
 68. (canceled)
 69. A nasal delivery device for deliveringsubstance to a nasal cavity of a subject, the delivery devicecomprising: a body member; a carrier which is supported by the bodymember and carries a plurality of substance-containing containers; anosepiece unit including a nosepiece for fitting to a nasal cavity ofthe subject; a mouthpiece unit including a mouthpiece through which thesubject in use exhales; and an actuating mechanism which is operative,in each operation, to open a plurality of the substance-containingcontainers, and including a valve unit for fluidly connecting themouthpiece to a respective one of the opened substance-containingcontainers in successive exhalation cycles.
 70. The delivery device ofclaim 69, wherein the actuating mechanism is operative to open two ofthe substance-containing containers.
 71. The delivery device of claim69, wherein the nosepiece unit is movably attached to the body member,such as to be movable between an inoperative position and an operativeposition, in which operative position the nosepiece is in fluidcommunication with at least one of the substance-containing containers.72. The delivery device of claim 69, wherein the mouthpiece unit ismovably attached to the body member, such as to be movable between aninoperative position and an operative position, in which operativeposition the mouthpiece is in fluid communication with at least one ofthe substance-containing containers.
 73. The delivery device of claim69, wherein the nosepiece unit and the mouthpiece unit are providedtogether in an actuator assembly which is movably attached to the bodymember.
 74. The delivery device of claim 69, wherein thesubstance-containing containers comprise one of blisters or capsules.75. (canceled)
 76. A method of delivering substance to a nasal cavity ofa subject, the method comprising the steps of: disposing asubstance-containing container which contains substance to be deliveredto the nasal cavity of the subject in a container chamber, the containerchamber including an inlet and an outlet; fitting a nosepiece in fluidcommunication with the outlet of the container chamber to a nasal cavityof the subject; the subject exhaling through a mouthpiece which is influid communication with the inlet of the container chamber, such as todeliver an air flow through the container chamber and entrain substancefrom the container and deliver the same through the nosepiece and intothe nasal cavity of the subject; and drawing moisture from the exhaledair flow upstream of the container chamber, such as to reducecondensation at or downstream of the container chamber.
 77. A method ofdelivering substance to a nasal cavity of a subject, the methodcomprising the steps of: disposing a substance-containing containerwhich contains substance to be delivered to the nasal cavity of thesubject in a container chamber, the container chamber including an inletand an outlet; fitting a nosepiece in fluid communication with theoutlet of the container chamber to a nasal cavity of the subject; andthe subject exhaling through a mouthpiece which is in fluidcommunication with the inlet of the container chamber, such as todeliver an air flow through the container chamber and entrain substancefrom the container and deliver the same through the nosepiece and intothe nasal cavity of the subject.
 78. (canceled)